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BIOTECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING
Background The hot buzzword in the research and industry, Biotechnology is not a recent phenomenon. It has been practiced by human society since the beginning of recorded history in such activities as baking o bread, brewing alcoholic beverages or breeding food crops or domestic animals. After the observation of role of microorganisms in various processes by Leeuwen Hauk in 1648, it is the effort of Pasteur in 1858, who showed the role of microorganisms in fermentation that opened the floodgate of biotechnological products. The discovery of penicillin by Flemmings in 1928 and the findings in the field of molecular genetics, which showed the role of DNA, gave a tremendous boost to Biotechnology research and industry. The subsequent developments in recombinant-DNA technique and human genome project have revolutionized the biotechnology industry. Now the whole world recognizing the importance of Biotechnology in the human welfare and improving it to the fullest extent. Scope and Importance Biotechnology has emerged as an area of activities with potential impact on multim domain of human welfare, ranging from food processing, environmental protection, human health, etc. As a result it plays an important role in employment, production, trade and economics. High yield agriculture can help protect rain forests, genetic engineering application in insect resistance, herbicide tolerance, disease tolerance, biotechnology's application in health care, food technology, chemicals, mining, etc. show the importance of biotechnology for the existence of society in sophistication. Current Trends and Developments It is fortunate to find now a days the participation of private industries in the filed of biotechnology which are tapping the potential by producing bulk of biotechnological products like vaccines, antibiotics, alcohol, amino acids etc. and it is giving a boost to the current employment. Some of the present developments in the biotechnology field are modifying genes in banana to cure the cancer, generating mosquitoes that can prevent malaria, producing bullet proff vests from goats milk etc. Future Prospects The future prospect of biotechnology is in harnessing the new products in the pipeline to its promising applications in the developing world. The field of genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics and drug designing are emerging as major areas to look for and high quality education is the need of the hour as Biotechnology is getting readied for a major leap.
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